Mixed Race Studies

Exploring African-American Fatherhood

The New York Times
Lens: Photography, Video and Visual Journalism
2012-06-15

David Gonzalez, Co-editor of Lens

What compels you to shoot? That was the question David Alan Harvey asked his students during a workshop last year in Brooklyn. We all have our reasons — if not our obsessions — flashes of realization that come through the viewfinder and into our hearts. For Zun Lee, one of the students, the answer was uneasily evident.

As a street photographer, he had always been attracted to fleeting scenes of fathers and children. He was drawn to those moments, even if he wasn’t quite sure why.

Well, maybe he was.

“In 2004, I discovered my biological dad was African-American,” said Mr. Lee, who had been raised in a Korean family in Germany. “It had basically been a one-night stand. He ran away when he learned she was pregnant. She doesn’t even remember his name anymore.”

That revelation would inform his latest work — “Father Figure,” an exploration into the lives of black fathers.  Working over the last year in New York, Chicago and Toronto, where he now lives and works as a health consultant, he has delved into the lives of men who have made the choice to stay near their children as best they can…

…“Learning about my biological father wasn’t just a traumatic experience,” Mr. Lee said. “Learning the news was in a weird sense a homecoming.”…

Read the entire article here.

Obama bares his ‘blackness’ in Trayvon speech

The Buffalo News
2013-07-20

Sonya Ross
The Associated Press

In a move unparalleled among presidents, Barack Obama reflects on being black in America.

WASHINGTON – Something in President Obama’s voice caught Gregory C. Ellison’s ear. It was fleeting, subtle, and easy to miss — unless you’re a black man, too.

“In between his personal reflections on what it feels like to be an African-American man, and the history of pain and his strategic plan, there was what I call a very pregnant pause,” says Ellison, a theology professor in Atlanta.

“If I ever have an opportunity to talk to President Obama, I would ask him what was he searching in his soul during that pregnant pause?”

Obama was wrapped in presidential authority Friday as he talked to a nation rubbed emotionally raw in the week since the man who shot and killed 17-year-old Trayvon Martin was acquitted in a Florida courtroom.

Then, in a move hardly anyone saw coming, Obama unwrapped himself, and put his own young, black face on Trayvon’s dead, young, black body.

This first black president, the guy accused by some of running from his blackness, of trying to address black folks’ needs on the down low, suddenly lifted the veil off his black male identity and showed it to the world. It was something no American president before him could have done.

He had to do it, Obama said, because “Trayvon Martin could have been me, 35 years ago.”…

…Greg Carr, chairman of the Afro-American Studies department at Howard University in Washington, said the president “has an authenticity, because he does signal to the black community that he too has experienced what we experienced.”…

Read the entire article here.

Discussing Trayvon Martin, Obama Embraces his Blackness

The American Prospect
2013-07-19

Jamelle Bouie, Staff Writer

On Obama’s remarks this afternoon.

When President Obama issued a pro forma statement following last week’s verdict in the Zimmerman trial, there was some disappointment—“Why didn’t he say more?” It only takes a small step back to see the answer; not only would it have been inappropriate for the president to question the decision of the jury, but given wide outrage at the ruling, it could have inflamed passions on both sides.

But it isn’t out of bounds for Obama to speak on the meaning of Trayvon Martin, which he did this afternoon, during a White House press briefing. And unlike his earlier statement, this was a frank and heartfelt take on the racial issues surrounding the shooting and the trial.

Which, to be honest, came as a surprise. Barack Obama’s entire political career has been about de-racializing his personal identity. Yes, he was a black senator from Illinois, but for white audiences at least, he wasn’t a black one. It’s why the Jeremiah Wright controversy was so dangerous for his candidacy—it emphasized his blackness at a time when he was trying most to build a universal appeal…

…Obama gains nothing by identifying with his blackness, but in talking about Martin, he did exactly that. “You know, when Trayvon Martin was first shot, I said that this could have been my son,” said the president, “Another way of saying that is Trayvon Martin could have been me 35 years ago.” He continued, “There are very few African-American men in this country who haven’t had the experience of being followed when they were shopping in a department store. That includes me.”…

Read the entire article here.

Fracture Risk Assessment without Race/Ethnicity Information

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Volume 97, Number 10 (2012-10-01)
pages 3593-3602
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1997

Shinya Ishii
Department of Geriatric Medicine (S.I.)
Graduate School of Medicine
University of Tokyo

Gail A. Greendale
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles

Jane A. Caule
Graduate School of Public Health
University of Pittsburgh

Carolyn J. Crandall
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles

Mei-Hua Huang
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles

Michelle E. Danielson
Graduate School of Public Health
University of Pittsburgh

Arun S. Karlamangla
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles

Context: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived bone mineral density (BMD) does not explain interracial differences in fracture risk; thus, BMD-based fracture risk assessment requires patient race/ethnicity information and ethnicity-specific BMD reference databases.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether composite femoral neck strength indices, which integrate dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived femoral neck size, femoral neck BMD, and body size, will allow fracture risk assessment without requiring race/ethnicity information.

Design: This was a prospective cohort study.

Setting and Participants: A total of 1940 community-dwelling women aged 42–53 yr from four race/ethnicity groups (968 Caucasian, 512 African-American, 239 Japanese, and 221 Chinese) were followed up for 9 yr.

Outcome Measurements: Self-reported, nondigital, noncraniofacial fractures were measured.

Results: Two hundred and two women (10.4%) sustained fractures and 82 (4.3%) had minimum-trauma fractures. Each sd increment in any of the strength indices was associated with a 34–41% reduction in fracture hazard over 9 yr (each P < 0.001). Race/ethnicity predicted fracture hazard independent of BMD (P = 0.02) but did not predict fracture hazard independent of any of the composite indices (P = 0.11–0.22). Addition of race/ethnicity did not improve risk discrimination ability of the strength indices, but did significantly improve the discrimination ability of BMD. The discrimination ability of BMD with race/ethnicity was not statistically different from that of any of the strength indices without race/ethnicity.

Conclusions: Composite strength indices of the femoral neck can predict fracture risk without race/ethnicity information as accurately as bone mineral density does in combination with race/ethnicity information and therefore would allow risk prediction in people of mixed race/ethnicity and in groups without a BMD reference database.

Read or purchase the article here.

Crossed Lines in the Racialization Process: Race as a Border Concept

Research in Phenomenology
Volume 42, Issue 2 (2012)
pages 206-228
DOI: 10.1163/156916412X651201

Robert Bernasconi, Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Philosophy and African American Studies
Pennsylvania State University

The phenomenological approach to racialization needs to be supplemented by a hermeneutics that examines the history of the various categories in terms of which people see and have seen race. An investigation of this kind suggests that instead of the rigid essentialism that is normally associated with the history of racism, race predominantly operates as a border concept, that is to say, a dynamic fluid concept whose core lies not at the center but at its edges. I illustrate this by an examination of the history of the distinctions between the races as it is revealed in legal, scientific, and philosophical sources. I focus especially on racial distinctions in the United States and on the way that the impact of miscegenation was negotiated leading to the so-called one-drop rule.

Read or purchase the article here.

Voice of the voiceless? Multiethnic student voices in critical approaches to race, pedagogy, literacy and agency

Linguistics and Education
Volume 24, Issue 3, September 2013
pages 348–360
DOI: 10.1016/j.linged.2013.03.005

Benji Chang, Adjunct Assistant Professor and Postdoctoral Fellow
Department of Curriculum & Teaching
Teachers College, Columbia University, New York

In this article, the author utilizes critical and sociocultural approaches to race, language and culture to examine the intersectional experiences of a multiethnic and ‘mixed race’ cohort of students in an inner-city, working-class neighborhood between their elementary and high school years. This article examines the students’ experiences in a nine-year educational process focused on critical pedagogy, sociocultural learning, and community engagement in and out of classrooms. More specifically, the article looks at interview, participant observation, and narrative data with a Latina/o and Asian American male student, and an Asian American female student, and how they made sense of their experiences over time with regards to issues of race, pedagogy, literacy, and agency.

Highlights

• Critical race, ethnic studies, and sociocultural theory are used to examine K-12 student voices.
• Classroom teaching, parent engagement and community organizing are discussed.
• Asian American, multiethnic and ‘mixed race’ contexts help challenge race, culture and achievement paradigms.
• Student cultural, linguistic and literacy practices are built upon toward transformative outcomes.
• 9 years of data are used to inform more dynamic and sustainable approaches toward educational equity.

Read or purchase the article here.

Burton Mixed Heritage Oral Hers/His story project

East Staffordshire Rights & Equality Council (ESREC)
July 2012
39 pages

The mixed heritage community is the fastest growing ethnic minority group in the UK and is predicted to be the largest minority ethnic group by 2020.The ethnicity category Mixed was first introduced in the 2001 UK Census, where 677,177 people classified themselves as of mixed race, making up 1.2% of the UK’s population.

The origin of mixed heritage people in this country started en masse in the early 1940s when the USA entered World War II. Some of the American soldiers who were stationed in the UK were black and whilst here formed relationships with local people resulting in the birth of children. When they returned to the USA many left their families behind.

In 1948 the UK government was heavily involved on its national rebuilding programme following the war. People were invited to the UK from the Commonwealth. It is well documented that many came on the SS Windrush from the Caribbean, with others coming from India, Pakistan and other Commonwealth countries.

The Burton Mixed Heritage Project recognises the importance of capturing and preserving the experiences of the 1st, 2nd, and the current generation of mixed heritage people in East Staffordshire and surrounding areas.

We recorded the interviews and divided them into 3 categories to show their experiences for the benefit of future generations.

1. The G.I. Generation (1941-1964)

This generation is descended from foreign mainly Black soldiers who were stationed in Burton and surrounding areas, who had children with the local residents. It also includes the Windrush generation.

2. The Beat Generation (1965-1984)

These are the children born from the union of different cultures i.e. people from the Caribbean or the Asian sub-continent joining with people from the UK

3. The Y Generation (1985 -present)

Young people who were born in the late 80s/early 90s and are of mixed heritage.

Our aim is to empower, educate and inform people of mixed heritage communities, and society at large about their experiences and journey. This DVD aims to show you that “On every corner there is a story”

Read the entire report here.

Whiteness is the unspoken, invisible default setting of American life. We frame our conversations about race in terms of how white people see and what they think they see. We imagine that nonwhite Americans want to be more like white Americans. We imagine that to be American is to be white. When racial minorities complain about the slurs of a Paula Deen or a prank like the faked names of the Asiana pilots, they are often told by whites to stop being so sensitive or to take the context of tradition or history or humor into account. That ability, to dismiss and minimize people of color for being oversensitive, is itself one of the privileges that whiteness confers. The broader privilege that whites have by occupying the omniscient vantage point in media and civic life has to be named and then undone.

Eric Liu, “Trayvon Martin and Making Whiteness Visible,” Time Magazine (July 17, 2013). http://ideas.time.com/2013/07/17/trayvon-martin-and-making-whiteness-visible

‘Belle’ breaks through the aristocratic color barrier

USA Today
2013-07-21

Bryan Alexander

British actress Gugu Mbatha-Raw used to envy her classmates from the prestigious Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London as they moved on to perform in lavish English period dramas. But as an actress of color, she found it difficult to land such historic roles.

“I was somewhat frustrated, I have always loved period dramas and my friends were in these gorgeous-looking Jane Austen adaptations,” says Mbatha-Raw, 30. “I would be like, ‘I have all of this training, when will I get a chance to explore that side?’ ”

Mbatha-Raw, who has held roles in several TV series and was a supporting player in the 2011 Tom Hanks vehicle Larry Crowne, finally has found her opportunity in Belle (opening May 2, 2014). It’s the exceedingly rare story of a mixed-race woman who transcended the lily-white aristocracy of 18th-century England.

Belle is inspired by the life of Dido Elizabeth Belle, who was born as the result of an affair between British naval officer Capt. Sir John Lindsay and an African slave woman who died when Belle was young. Lindsay (Matthew Goode) beseeched his uncle, the Earl of Mansfield and England’s Lord Chief Justice (Tom Wilkinson), to raise his mixed-race daughter in the manner befitting his aristocratic bloodline — unheard of in England at the time…

Read the entire article here.

Trayvon Martin, Race and Anthropology

Anthropology News
American Anthropological Association
2013-07-19

Leith Mullings, Distinguished Professor of Anthropology
City University of New York
(and President of the American Anthropological Association)

On February 26, 2012, 28-year-old George Zimmerman shot and killed an unarmed 17-year-old African American teenager who, after buying Skittles and iced tea at the local 7-Eleven, was on his way home. Zimmerman claimed he was acting in self-defense, and the Sanford, Florida police force, after a brief investigation, refused to press charges. Following several months of demonstrations, Florida Governor Rick Scott (no fan of anthropology, as you may recall) assigned the case to State Attorney Angela Corey, who charged Zimmerman with 2nd degree murder. A year and a half after the killing, on July 13, 2013, a virtually all-white (and all-female) jury found George Zimmerman not guilty of murdering Trayvon Martin (see journalist Charles Blow for an excellent discussion of the systemic racism that brought us to this moment). Though prosecutors, many journalists and large segments of the public saw the case as a quintessential example of race profiling—there is ample evidence, many believed, that Zimmerman profiled the teenager because he was a young Black man—during and after the trial both teams of lawyers and the jurors tripped over themselves proclaiming that neither the murder nor the subsequent not guilty verdict had anything to do with race. How do we explain these startlingly different responses as to the role of race?…

Read the entire opinion piece here.